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QuímicaQuímica254 views·Updated Jun 22, 2026·1 page

Principios Básicos y Ejemplos de Química Orgánica

S
Shariito Montaño@shariito

La química orgánica estudia los compuestos del carbono, que son...

1
of 1
Química Orgánica

| Estructura: | Supijos: | Ejemplos: |
|---|---|---|
| Alcanos | C-C | -ano CH3-CH3 etano |
| Alquenos | C=C | -eno CH2=CH

Grupos Funcionales en Química Orgánica

Los hidrocarburos son compuestos formados principalmente por carbono e hidrógeno. Los alcanos tienen enlaces simples CCC-C y terminan en "-ano" como el etano $CH_3-CH_3$. Los alquenos contienen enlaces dobles C=CC=C y terminan en "-eno" como el propeno. Si hay un triple enlace (C≡C), hablamos de alquinos con terminación "-ino".

Los compuestos oxigenados incluyen varias familias importantes. Los alcoholes tienen el grupo -OH y terminan en "-ol" como el 2-propanol. Los éteres RORR-O-R' se nombran con la palabra "éter" entre los grupos que conecta. Los aldehídos tienen el grupo -C=O=OH y terminan en "-al", mientras que las cetonas con su grupo -C=O=O- terminan en "-ona".

Los ácidos carboxílicos contienen el grupo -C=O=OOH y se nombran como "ácido...oico". Los ésteres son derivados de ácidos y se nombran como "-ato de -ilo". Las aminas derivan del amoníaco (NH₃) y pueden ser primarias RNH2R-NH₂, secundarias RNHRR-NH-R' o terciarias RNRRR-N-R'R'', todas con terminación "-amina".

¡Dato interesante! El benceno $C_6H_6$ tiene una estructura cíclica especial que le da propiedades únicas. Sus derivados monosustituidos y disustituidos orto,meta,paraorto-, meta-, para- forman la base de muchos medicamentos y materiales que usamos diariamente.

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Most popular content: Organic Chemistry

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Most popular content

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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan SiOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha KlichAndroid user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

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QuímicaQuímica254 views·Updated Jun 22, 2026·1 page

Principios Básicos y Ejemplos de Química Orgánica

S
Shariito Montaño@shariito

La química orgánica estudia los compuestos del carbono, que son fundamentales en nuestra vida diaria. Estos compuestos tienen estructuras específicas y se nombran siguiendo reglas que indican sus características y grupos funcionales.

1
of 1
Química Orgánica

| Estructura: | Supijos: | Ejemplos: |
|---|---|---|
| Alcanos | C-C | -ano CH3-CH3 etano |
| Alquenos | C=C | -eno CH2=CH

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Grupos Funcionales en Química Orgánica

Los hidrocarburos son compuestos formados principalmente por carbono e hidrógeno. Los alcanos tienen enlaces simples CCC-C y terminan en "-ano" como el etano $CH_3-CH_3$. Los alquenos contienen enlaces dobles C=CC=C y terminan en "-eno" como el propeno. Si hay un triple enlace (C≡C), hablamos de alquinos con terminación "-ino".

Los compuestos oxigenados incluyen varias familias importantes. Los alcoholes tienen el grupo -OH y terminan en "-ol" como el 2-propanol. Los éteres RORR-O-R' se nombran con la palabra "éter" entre los grupos que conecta. Los aldehídos tienen el grupo -C=O=OH y terminan en "-al", mientras que las cetonas con su grupo -C=O=O- terminan en "-ona".

Los ácidos carboxílicos contienen el grupo -C=O=OOH y se nombran como "ácido...oico". Los ésteres son derivados de ácidos y se nombran como "-ato de -ilo". Las aminas derivan del amoníaco (NH₃) y pueden ser primarias RNH2R-NH₂, secundarias RNHRR-NH-R' o terciarias RNRRR-N-R'R'', todas con terminación "-amina".

¡Dato interesante! El benceno $C_6H_6$ tiene una estructura cíclica especial que le da propiedades únicas. Sus derivados monosustituidos y disustituidos orto,meta,paraorto-, meta-, para- forman la base de muchos medicamentos y materiales que usamos diariamente.

We thought you’d never ask...

What is the Knowunity AI companion?

Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.

Where can I download the Knowunity app?

You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.

Is Knowunity really free of charge?

That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.

Most popular content: Organic Chemistry

9

Most popular content in Química

9

Most popular content

9

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.6/5App Store
4.7/5Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan SiOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha KlichAndroid user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

AnnaiOS user