Fizik324 views·Updated Jun 14, 2026·1 page

Elektronların Orbitallere Yerleşim ve Simetri Kuralları

Zeynep Soyuak@zeynepsoyuak

Atomlardaki elektronların orbitallere yerleşmesi belirli kurallara göre olur ve bu...

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# Atomlardaki Elektronların Orbitallere Yerleşme Kuralları

1) Pault İlkesi Yüklü bir parçacık olan e bir eksen etrafinda
Saat yönünde veya

Elektronların Orbitallere Yerleşme Kuralları ve Bloklar

Pauli İlkesi ile başlayalım - aynı orbitalde bulunan iki elektron mutlaka zıt spinlere sahip olmalıdır. Yani bir orbital maksimum 2 elektron alabilir ve bunlar birbirinin tersine dönerler.

Madelung Kuralı orbitallerin enerji sırasını belirler. Elektronlar önce düşük enerjili orbitallerden dolmaya başlar: 1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d şeklinde devam eder. n+l değeri arttıkça enerji de artar.

Aufbau ve Hund Kuralları elektronların yerleşim sırasını düzenler. Elektronlar önce tek tek orbitallere yerleşir, sonra çiftleşir. Bu sayede atom en kararlı hali alır.

Periyodik tablodaki s, p, d, f blokları elektronların son yerleştikleri orbital türüne göre belirlenir. S ve p blok elementleri ana grup elementleri, d blok elementleri geçiş metalleri olarak adlandırılır.

Önemli: Küresel simetrik elektron dizilimi (yarı dolu veya tam dolu orbitaller) atomlara ekstra kararlılık sağlar!

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